The international Jewish conspiracy or the world Jewish conspiracy has been described as "one of the most widespread and long-running conspiracy theories". Although it typically claims that a malevolent, usually global Jewish circle, referred to as International Jewry, conspires for world domination, the theory's content is extremely variable, which helps explain its wide distribution and long duration. It was popularized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century especially by the antisemitic forgery The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Among the beliefs that posit an international Jewish conspiracy are Jewish Bolshevism, Cultural Marxism, Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory, White genocide conspiracy theory and Holocaust denial. The Nazi leadership's belief in an international Jewish conspiracy that it blamed for starting World War II and controlling the Allied powers was key to their decision to launch the Final Solution.
Hitler's persecution of the Jews, and his suppression of masonic and esoteric groups in Germany, has been traced to the influence of a conspiracy document called the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, which purports to be the programme for achieving power over the whole world, drawn up by a council of Jewish masonic elders in 1897, but is regarded as fraudulent. It has been so condemned in many countries throughout the century. But only in 1993 was it finally condemned in court in Russia, the land in which it was allegedly fabricated.