Biased expertise

In a survey in the UK in 1993 of people seeking advice on pensions, it was reported that 91% were wrongly advised, despite several attempts in 1992 by regulators intent on eliminating mis-selling of personal pensions. It has been argued that the Clinton administration was ill advised in seeking to constrain the emerging democracy of Russia into policies totally congruent with those of the USA, since this would tend to evoke a nationalist backlash. The advice accepted made an ideological argument rather than an empirical one, claiming that ending state intervention would produce a spontaneously generated market capitalism, with prosperity to follow.