Human potential movement

From the 19th century onwards (Gurdjeff), many groups and movements have originated which aim to promote self realization and enlightenment. Many use techniques and practices derived from ancient philosophies and religions (examples: meditation, yoga), while others use totally new techniques (biofeedback, est, re-birthing). Such systems have proliferated since the 1960s and, although some have been attacked as harmful, many of the techniques developed (in particular [encounter groups]

) are now used by more traditional institutions.