UNEP's Global Biodiversity Assessment confirms that in some European countries up to 24% of species of certain groups such as butterflies, birds and mammals are now nationally extinct. The European Environmental Agency states in its "Dobris Assessment" that "the decline of Europe's biodiversity in many regions derives mainly from highly intensive, partially industrial forms of agricultural and silvicultural land use; from an increased fragmentation of remaining natural habitats by infrastructure and urbanisation and the exposure to mass tourism as well as pollution of water and air. Given the projected growth in economic activity, the rate of loss of biodiversity is far more likely to increase than stabilise".Already 3435 (15%) of South Africa's plant species, 102 (14%) of bird, 72 (24%) of reptile, 17 (18%) of amphibian, 90 (37%) of mammal, and 142 (22%) of butterfly species are listed as threatened in the South African Red Data Books, which indicate the conservation status of threatened species and ecosystems.