By the end of the Second World War, the Near Eastern leopard range had declined to only the south and south central Turkmenistan and small parts of Uzbekistan. While this leopard is not yet extinct, its numbers remain precariously low. Near Eastern Leopard researchers in the USSR estimate less than 100 leopards remain.
In July 1993, the Turkmenistan Minister of Nature Use and Environmental Protection issued a semi-secret decree authorizing hard-currency hunts on leopards and other endangered animals in Turkmenistan.