The maned wolf takes domestic poultry and the occasional lamb or newborn pig, making it a target for pest control.
Habitat destruction (including the annual burning of grasslands), persecution by angry poultry farmers, hunting for sport, and live capture are factors that threaten the maned wolf.
The maned wolf disappeared from Uruguay in the 19th century.
Chrysocyon brachyurus is listed as CITES "Appendix II", USA. ESA-"Endangered" and IUCN "Vulnerable". The maned wolf disappeared from Uruguay in the 19th century.