Major threats to mussels include loss of habitat (from channel modifications, dams, etc.) and habitat deterioration from pollution. Other threats are the introduction of nonindigenous species and poaching for commercial trade.
There are approximately 300 recognized species of native freshwater mussels Unionids in the United States, of these 18 are thought to be extinct, nearly 60 listed as "endangered" or "threatened" and 58 listed as candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act (USA).