Less than 20 percent of the earth's total desert area is covered with sand, and sand dunes only account for about two percent of the surface of North American deserts. Sand Dunes are important because they: protect islands from storm surges, hurricanes and erosion; provide habitat for coastal plants and animals; provide nesting sites for sea turtles; and provide a nesting place for birds. Sand dunes are especially important for small island economies in attracting tourism and for their fishing industries, as they are crucial in the formation of beaches and coral reefs.