Industrialized country limitation of trade among developing countries

Producers in developing countries, even if they are fully price-competitive, are sometimes placed at a disadvantage because goods from industrialized countries can be offered on more favourable terms. Developed countries can provide more generous facilities with respect to suppliers' credits; they can supply, on concessional terms, certain primary goods for which other developing countries would otherwise be competitive; and they can offer various products under tied aid arrangements. Moreover, where there are special preferential arrangements between some industrialized and some developing countries, imports from other developing countries are faced with more restrictive tariff or non-tariff barriers than competing imports from these industrialized countries.