Bush encroachment

In Africa, tsetse flies spread into the area as the habitat becomes more suitable for them, and cattle are removed from the area either because of the tsetse fly or because of the degraded habitat. Usually at the stage of bush encroachment, animals which are favoured by this development, such as elephant and buffalo, increase; and as these animals overpopulate the area they themselves become an important factor acting on the environment to further degrade it.