Psychotechnology

Many systems, both ancient and modern, are aimed at deliberately producing changed consciousness. These techniques often involve some form of meditation and may be based on the use of scientific instruments (such as biofeedback methods), bodily movements (flow experience, dance, dervishes), sounds (chanting, mantras) and light (candle flame). Other techniques involve breathing exercises, sensory deprivation or overload, guided or mutual help as in many group therapies, mental aids such as koans.