Uncertainty principle

1. The theory that no subatomic physical system can exist where, simultaneously, the coordinates of its momentum and mass centre assume completely measured or determined values. The more precisely momentum is determined the less precisely is the mass centre known, and vice versa. The exact values are always uncertain or probabilistic. This is probably due to the intrinsic properties of matter and not to imperfections in the experimental techniques. The particle-wave duality of quantum phenomena allows for the fact that there is a relative frequency of occurrence of the different values of the spatial coordinate which is proportional to the square of the absolute value of the wave function at the corresponding points in space, and values that lie close to the maximum of the wave function will be obtained most often, although with some spread and small uncertainty. This is true of the momentum value as well. Thus the concepts of coordinate and momentum applied to quantum phenomena need correction by the probabilistic uncertainty relation. In addition to the properties of mass and momentum, uncertainly in measured values of subatomic systems applies to energy state and time or duration. The uncertainty of measure of these four properties of matter are not apparent in interactions of macroscopic bodies and can be disregarded.

2. The ontological interpretation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle which states that the indeterminacies are real and irreducible, well in accord with the theory of the eternal nature of matter and with dualism.

3. The epistemological interpretation which holds that microscopic (sub-atomic) reality is precisely unknowable, and with this a number of untenable assertions such as the illusory nature of the world, the relativity of everything, solipism, etc.