Managing acute pain

Acute pain usually accompanies major surgery, particularly abdominal and orthopaedic surgery, or severe trauma such as fractured ribs. Unlike chronic pain, acute pain improves over time as the patient recovers but can be a major source of discomfort and distress.Although pain treatment is usually available, several obstacles have stood in the way of pain relief:

A study involving more than 10,000 patients has led to the development of radical changes in pain management by the Acute Pain Service (APS) in Australia. A principal finding which challenges conventional medical teaching and practice is that it is better to base drug dosage on the age of the patient. Other findings were that good pain relief can be provided without dangerous side effects, and that pain relief must be tailored to individual patients. APS has developed procedures and protocols of specialized pain relief and acute pain management.

90 percent of cancer patients could get their pain relieved by taking medicines delivered either in sustained-release pills or through a skin patch. If these treatments do not work well, other options are available: medicines delivered intravenously, by injection or by an implanted pump; surgery; nerve blocks; heat or cold therapy; massage; hypnosis; acupuncture; and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, which uses a mild electrical current applied to the skin at the site of pain.

One of the most helpful aspects of the guidelines is that they could popularize several assessment tools that provide a way for patients and doctors to describe pain objectively. One of the simplest is a number scale, in which zero indicates no pain and 10 represents the most severe pain. If we give the pain a number, doctors and patients can work together in a common goal to getting that pain number down to a level that's acceptable to the patient. This all normalizes it and turns it from a complaint to a symptom.