strategy
Enriching cultivated plant's genetic diversity with wild relatives
Context:
According to the [Convention on Biological Diversity] (CBD), 'domesticated or cultivated species' means species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs.Only three species of plants -- corn, rice and wheat -- supply over half of all human energy needs. However, the production of these essential crops cannot keep up with current rates of population growth, as availability of suitable land for their production is declining, and research and other methods into increasing their yields are achieving less incremental gains per unit of research and inputs. The latter problem may be addressed in part, by exploiting the thousands of possible wild relatives in the natural world and any additional kinds of plants, that could possibly provide essential genes which could significantly enrich the properties of existing cultivated plants. As genetic engineering advances the technology of gene transfer from one organism to another, the dependency upon biodiversity will likely increase, and hence provides yet another reason to protect biological diversity.
Implementation:
In a small area of Mexican mountains, a wild perennial relative of corn was discovered and exploited to enrich the gene pool of corn. Claim:
1. Speeding the use of genetic resources for sustainable agricultural development can be best accomplished by combining the efforts of conservation biologists, social scientists, agronomists, ethnobotanists, and ecologists in an interactive mode. Such teams represent mutual interests for both preservation and use of resource diversity for international development. Projects using this approach seek to integrate conservation and utilization of genetic resources and increase economic benefits derived from the maintenance of biodiversity.2. Using the library of genes available in the wild relatives of crop plants could make crop genetic engineering unnecessary.
Broader:
Breeding plantsImproving germplasmDeveloping transgenic cropsUsing plant genetic resourcesIncreasing sustainable food productionGiving attention to neglected food resources Constrained by:
Limiting food variety Facilitates:
Improving crop securityCorrecting plant genetic defectsDeveloping agricultural biotechnologyImproving food production in developing countries Facilitated by:
Restoring lifeUsing ethnobotanyPreserving gene resourcesGlobalizing food sourcingExpanding research on plant genetic resourcesDocumenting plant gene resourcesConducting tropical forest and biological diversity studiesUsing interdisciplinary teams with local expertise for sustainable development studies Problems:
Crop vulnerabilityDeclining breeds of cultivated plants
Deformation of plant life
Inadequate farm crop diversity
Inadequate plant genetic resources conservation
Insufficient farm experiments
Lack of gene banks
Limited food variety
Monopolization of agricultural genetic resources
Neglected food resources
Overdependence on few crop species
Unadapted crop varieties
Unadapted crop varieties
Subjects:
Biosciences → GeneticsPlant Life → Plants
Geography → Wild
Agriculture, Fisheries → Cultivation
Type Classification:
D: Detailed strategies Related UN Sustainable Development Goals:
