Sharing family responsibilities

A fundamental cause of inequality between men and women in employment is the multiple roles played by women in society and the perpetuation of traditionally defined roles. Despite legislation on social security provisions, men often fail to use them due to the continuing attitude that it is not their role to do so or that it is not acceptable for men who take their careers seriously.

This strategic objective formed part of the Platform for Action of the United Nations Fourth World Conference for Women (Beijing, 1995). Many western countries have put in place supportive legislation, such as parental leave, which enable both women and men to share some of the family responsibilities. In many countries attitudes towards sharing responsibilities have also changed. In the UK, for example, 54% of respondents to a 1994 survey thought that the preparation of the evening meal should be shared, but only 20% actually did share it. ILO undertakes activities aiming to raise awareness, increasing acceptance of changing roles and promoting action programmes that encourage men to participate in family responsibilities.

Action by governments might include: promoting the sharing of family responsibilities; creating incentives such as flexible working hours (for the sharing of parental responsibilities to reduce the preponderance of men in productive activities and of women in reproductive activities); and including decision-making regarding family size and child-spacing. Measures could be taken to improve communication between men and women and the understanding of their respective and joint responsibilities so that they both are seen as equal partners in public and private life.

Action by non-governmental organizations might include the development of special programmes that focus on young people and their enhancing their understanding of and sensitivity to gender issues. Action by the UN system could include examining existing personnel policies and practices to ensure that they provide support to women in reconciling their family and work responsibilities.