Trade in serval pelts has been reported from many countries from 1980 to 1993. They are frequently marketed as "cheetah" or "leopard". While the scale of the harvest and its effect upon populations is difficult to judge, the pelt trade appears to be primarily domestic (especially for ceremonial or medicinal purposes) or tourist-oriented, rather than international commercial exports.
The serval's localized distribution around water sources may increase its vulnerability to hunting. It is possible that servals were never very numerous in North Africa.
[Leptailurus serval constantinus] is considered by the IUCN as "Endangered". CITES lists the species as "Appendix 2".