Many grievances and claims were left unresolved following the 1914-18 and 1939-45 wars, as was the case with previous European wars. The opinion of the Polish, Czechoslovak and Baltic peoples was not considered in determining the frontiers of those countries, which were established by agreements between other powers or by annexation. Territorial disputes may disrupt regional cooperation for development or defence - as in the disagreements between Argentina and Chile, and between Turkey and Greece (by which NATO is impacted).
The Antarctic regions constitute a special case in which seven nations have put forward conflicting claims. (These have been set aside for the moment under an agreement which facilitates unrestricted cooperative scientific exploration). A number of islands have been contested, from the Kurile to the Falklands (Malvinas). The seabed, outside territorial waters, is another special case, as are potential disputes over surfaces on the Moon, the planets or their satellites.