Nature
Pathological processes involving the supporting structures of the teeth (periodentium) destroy a large part of the natural dentition and deprive many people of all their teeth long before old age. Exogenous factors such as plague, oral debris, mechanical irritation, traumatic occlusion and irritation from crown and filling materials, and some systemic factors such as vitamin and protein deficiencies, hormonal disturbances, and some blood dyscrasias, produce inflammatory (gingivitis, periodontitis), degenerative and neoplastic processes.
Incidence
Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread diseases of humans. No nation and no area of the world is free from it and in most it has a high prevalence, affecting in some degree approximately half the child population and almost the entire adult population.