Name(s):
Endemic flea-borne typhus
Murine typhus
Endemic typhus
Malaya typhus
New World typhus
Rat typhus
Urban typhus
Flea typhus
Flea-borne typhus
Marine typhus
Brill's disease
Rat typhus
Brill-Zinsser disease
Recrudescent typhus
Jail fever
Ship typhus
Nature
Murine typhus, or endemic typhus, is one of the oldest recognized, most common, but least reported arthropod-transmitted zoonoses. Endemic typhus is an infection by a rickettsial organism (sometimes called a viral infection or a bacterial infection) spread by fleas that live on mice and rats. The faeces of infectious fleas contaminate a bite or skin abrasion, usually when the victim scratches or rubs a bite. The disease can also be caused by inhalation of dried faeces. Symptoms of fever, headache, muscle pain and rash occur gradually one to two weeks after contact, and they last for one to two weeks if untreated. The disease typically is mild with rapid recovery; fatalities are rare, but if untreated average 1-2 percent.
Background
The causative organism [Rickettsia muricola] (or [R. typhi], formerly called [R. mooseri]) is closely related to [R. prowazeki] which causes epidemic typhus. It is usually transmitted to man by the rat-flea [Xenopsyalla cheopis]. Rats and mice are the natural hosts and the main source of infection; the human flea (or louse) acts as the transmitter from person to person.