Ineffective economic structures in industrial nations

Nature 
The economic structures of industrial nations are failing to close the gap between their economic potential and their actual performance. Protectionism, including agricultural, industrial and other subsidies reduce competition in national and international markets for goods and services. High marginal taxes, currency restrictions, financial market regulations, discriminatory tax rates applied to similar transactions, and excessively steep progressive income tax rates restrict capital flows. Centralized collective bargaining, employment regulation, social security restrictions, and government control of training and education have created rigid labour markets.
Broader 
Economic inefficiency
Economic underdevelopment
Narrower 
Distortionary tax systems
Aggravates 
Segmented labour markets
Prohibitive labour costs
Labour hoarding by employers
Declining economic productivity
Underutilization of labour force
Structural rigidities in labour markets [in 5 loops]
Arrested development of labour potential
Lack of time flexibility in the labour market
Diminishing capital investment in small communities
Aggravated by 
Rural unemployment
Economic isolationism
Inequitable tax treaties
Excessive demands of labour
Obsolete deliberative systems
Absence of a long-range, world-wide capital flow plan
Tax discrimination against non-residents of a country
Restrictions on foreign access to capital bond markets
Tax discrimination against investment in a foreign country
Unimaginative vision of existing international economic structures
Distortion of international trade by restrictive controls on movement of labour
Distortion of international trade by selective indirect taxes and import charges
Reduced by 
Unorganized labour potential
Strategy(ies) 
Increasing international economic cooperation
Value(s) 
Ineffectiveness
Uneconomic
Type 
(D) Detailed problems