The urban crisis has prompted action, particularly in the USA, where federal and state governments in cooperation with private enterprise, have developed and implemented many inner city renewals. 'Enterprise zone' mechanisms to attract investment in 'downtown' renewal area include favourable tax rates, licensing and permit concessions and a number of creatively conceived incentives. However, even in the USA, 'urban blight' has not been contained and the 'flight to the suburbs' continues. Undesirable suburban density increase and environmental destruction results have not as yet led to integrated urban - suburban planning.