The basic difficulties of land-locked countries in the marine cargo insurance field are obviously of a structural nature and are beyond the scope of insurance. Insurers can do very little to overcome them. Measures that could be taken by insurers to ease these constraints are neglected. These include the local covering of external trade risks whenever this is possible, to enable shippers to obtain protection that is tailormade to their requirements; and the implementation of loss prevention programmes in cooperation with insurers in the coastal countries through sharing the business with them on a co-insurance or reinsurance basis. Specialized loss prevention firms which take care of and survey the loading and discharging of goods in transit are not employed and there is no experience rating system for shippers to induce them to take all the necessary measures to reduce their losses and thus, their premiums. The above problems are aggravated by a lack of cooperation among insurers in the land-locked country and between insurers in the land-locked country and those in the coastal countries, through which trans-shipments usually take place.