In some countries health officials must report the names of anyone who has tested positive. In others attempts are being made to trace sexual relations back over 10 to 15 years for each victim of the disease. Most of the people who are at risk of testing or who have tested positive conceal the possibility of their having the disease.
Some institutions are being discriminated against. Sperm banks are suffering from a lack of donors. Imported blood has been banned in some countries.