Bilingual education

The situation is further complicated when countries are divided into language zones, because of the implications for speakers of the minority language in any such zone, and particularly for the language in which their children will be educated in schools funded by the government. Bilingual education teaches any single course in one of two languages so a student might take maths, reading, grammar, history and geography in one language and social sciences, science, music, art and physical education in the second language. For those students who are not very bright and extremely competitive end up with a superficial knowledge of both languages and cultures. They end up without sufficient references in either.

The teaching of an important foreign second (or third) language, such as French or English, may be offered with one objective in the lower school system, another objective in the university, and still another objective in evening schools for adults, or in commercial schools. Thus, in the same country, where the foreign language may be used socially, a number of people may experience a social handicap arising from a linguistic problem due to different pedagogical approaches. These approaches simply may have favoured some standard form of the language to be attained at university, while language policies for expected school leavers, and for adult education are neglected or allowed to achieve sub-standard outcomes.