Governance by emergency

Moving towards the normalization of this type of governance.

the state of exception, which was meant to be a provisional measure, became in the course of the twentieth century a normal paradigm of government.

Determination of Military emergcy, Domestic Emergcy, Public Heath Emergency, or Material Threat, Suspend normal governance

on the opinion of one person, in the case of the USA DOD Secretary, DHS HHS DHS respectives -> HHS declares and issues EUA No stopping criteria

The Enabling Act of 1933 suspended the German constitution and granted the government the power to rule by decree, after the Nazis declared a nationwide “state of emergency”.  In 2021, Germany declared a Nationwide State of Pandemic Emergency and revised the Infection Protection Act, suspending the German constitution and granting the government the power to rule by decree.

Two months after the attacks of 9/11, the Bush administration, in the midst of what it perceived to be a state of emergency, authorized the indefinite detention of noncitizens suspected of terrorist activities and their subsequent trials by a military commission. Here, distinguished Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben uses such circumstances to argue that this unusual extension of power, or “state of exception,” has historically been an underexamined and powerful strategy that has the potential to transform democracies into totalitarian states.

Public health emergencies. 

Announced by Emergency EUA  Under Declaration of Countermeasures provisions of the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act, SARS-Cov-2 extended until end 2024.  Marburg and Ebola pandemic extended until end of 2028

Emergency Use Countermeasures, eg pharmaceuticals (not investigational, no clinical trial required, no compliance required so no legal process of approval possible, no informed consent required)

PREP Act removed any liability for countermeasures, prempts all State rights

Predatory contracts (secret) that countries were forced by EU to sign