Problem

Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome

Nature:

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also called myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or ME/CFS, is a complex and debilitating long-term medical condition. Core symptoms are lengthy flare-ups of the illness following ordinary minor physical or mental activity, known as post-exertional malaise (PEM); greatly diminished capacity to do tasks that were routine before the illness; and sleep disturbances. Orthostatic intolerance (difficulty sitting and standing upright) or memory and attention problems may also be required for diagnosis. Frequently, other symptoms occur involving numerous body systems, and chronic pain is very common. The often incapacitating fatigue in ME/CFS is different from that caused by normal strenuous exertion and is not significantly relieved by rest. Diagnosis is based on symptoms because no confirmed diagnostic test is available.

The root cause(s) of the disease are unknown and the mechanisms are not fully understood. ME/CFS often starts after a flu-like infection, for instance after infectious mono. In some people, physical trauma or psychological stress may also act as a trigger.: 10  A genetic component is suspected, as ME/CFS can run in families. ME/CFS is associated with changes in the nervous and immune system, energy metabolism and hormone production.

People with ME/CFS may recover or improve over time, but some will become severely affected and disabled for an extended period. No therapies or medications are approved to treat the cause of the illness; treatment is aimed at alleviation of symptoms. Pacing (personal activity management) can help to prevent flare-ups. Limited evidence suggests that counseling, personalized activity management, and the use of rintatolimod help improve functional abilities in some.

About 1% of primary-care patients have ME/CFS; estimates of incidence vary widely because studies have used different definitions. About a quarter of people with ME/CFS are severely affected and unable to leave their bed or house.: 3  ME/CFS occurs 1.5 to 2 times as often in women as in men. It most commonly affects adults between 40 and 60 years old, but can occur at other ages, including childhood. In children, ME/CFS is a major cause of school absence.: 183  ME/CFS significantly reduces health, happiness, productivity, and can also lead to loneliness and alienation.

People with ME/CFS often face stigma in healthcare settings, and doctors may have trouble managing an illness that lacks a clear cause or treatment.: 30  Historical research funding for ME/CFS has been far below that of comparable diseases. There is controversy over many aspects of the disorder, including the name, cause and potential treatments.

Problem Type:
E: Emanations of other problems
Date of last update
04.10.2020 – 22:48 CEST