The chemicals perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are widely found in fire-fighting foam, non-stick pans, popcorn bags, and stain-free carpets. The chemicals build up their toxicity over time. They leak from old, unlined landfills, and every time there is a firefighting training at an airport or a military base. They are linked to low birth weight, thyroid disorders and cancer.
In 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for putting limits on drinking water levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) because they are linked to low birth weight, thyroid disorders and cancer.