Domestic and feral dogs cause severe mortality in whitetail populations. Fawns and pregnant does are the most vulnerable to dog attacks, especially during the winter when snow is deep or crusty. Tens of thousands of whitetails are killed annually by vehicles. Deer are also vulnerable to viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, as well as parasites. As Whitetails inflict serious damage on commercial and private crops, as well as on tree seedlings planted for regeneration projects, whitetails can be subject to control. Deer can entirely destroy or inhibit the regeneration of some tree species through overbrowsing.
Odocoileus virginianus leucurus and O. v. clavium are listed as "Endangered" by the USA federal government. Odocoileus virginianus hiltonensis, O. v. nigribarbis, O. v. taurinsulae and O. v. venatoria are federally listed as "Category 2 subspecies". O. v. leucurus is "Endangered" in Washington and Oregon, and O. v. clavium is "Endangered" in Florida.