International regimes for controlling missile, chemical and nuclear technology are an uncoordinated patchwork, with different sets of targets, cooperating states and sanctions. Links are few or nonexistent between the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group trying to stop the proliferation of chemical weapons, and the London Suppliers Group targeting nuclear proliferation. But the synergies between these weapons -- for example, Scuds equipped with chemical warheads -- pose the gravest threat.
As a result of the collapse of the former Soviet Union, considerable concern has been expressed regarding the control of nuclear arsenals and the illegal trade in nuclear materials. In 1992, it was alleged that there were three operative black boxes, any one of which was capable of firing the nuclear rockets of the former Soviet Union. In 1993 the USA acknowledged that efforts to contain the spread of weapons of mass destruction were most likely to prove inadequate, making USA forces increasingly vulnerable to attack by Third World forces.