Decadence revels in an excess of sensual pleasure which may be obtained through alcohol, drugs, sex, risk or violence or foul language. It may result from a tolerant attitude in society, lack of religious or moral conviction, lack of legislation or law enforcement, corruption or general social stress. It may also result in disease, death and social disintegration. Decadence in art and in other aspects of culture has been theorized to be caused by a racial, genetic decay, hence the term 'degeneracy'.
Modern decadence has been attributed particularly to industrialized capitalist countries; but it also occurs in the sense of juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual license and bureaucratic and party functionary indulgences in eastern European countries and the USSR.