Some 29 new diseases have emerged in the last 20 years. Other infections are now so resistant to drugs that they are virtually untreatable. Making matters worse, deadly new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola haemorrhagic fever, for which there is no cure or vaccine, are emerging in many parts of the world. Diseases that once seemed to be subdued, such as tuberculosis and malaria, are fighting back with renewed ferocity. Some diseases, such as cholera and yellow fever, are striking in regions once thought safe from them.There are signs that diseases which emerged from Asia to ravage Europe in the past might be returning to Russia and, with the opening of borders, could spread westwards through Europe. In 1993 a woman is southern Kazakhstan was diagnosed with Bubonic Plague. Tuberculosis is soaring in Russia and malarial mosquitoes are breeding in the reservoirs around Moscow. For the first time in several years, two cases of cholera also occurred in Moscow.