Estuarine areas, as the interface between rivers and the sea, are profoundly affected by upstream activities, and particularly by factors such as the over-abstraction of water.
Generally, estuarine habitat is being lost at rates that concern coastal scientists and mangers. Much of the decline of salt marsh and seagrass systems has been through some type of alteration to the flow of water to these habitats, such as dams, levees, dikes, dredge and fill operation, drainage, roadways, etc. It is important for resource managers to understand the importance of these habitats to the long-term support of fish populations.