Problem
Clandestine employment
Other Names:
Undeclared self-employmentUndisclosed earnings
Undeclared wages
Nature:
Unlike double-jobbing, clandestine employment is often the only job that many workers have. It is carried out on the fringes of the law or outside it altogether, and takes three main forms - the undeclared employment of workers, undeclared self-employment, and undeclared multiple jobholding.
Incidence:
Clandestine employment particularly involves the unemployed, migrant workers, pensioners, unregistered self-employed workers, housewives, houseworkers, temporary staff, students and children. Their numbers are hard to estimate.
Undeclared income was estimated to be 13 percent of Belgium's GDP in 1999. This was almost three times the share of neighbouring Netherlands, though lower than Italy and Greece.
Broader Problems:
Underground economy Narrower Problems:
Faux independentsUndocumented workers References:
de Grazia, Raffaele: Clandestine Employments: the situation in industrialised economy countriesInternational Labour Organization: Annotated Bibliography on Clandestine Employment Subject(s):
Defence → Espionage, subversionSocial Activity → Employment
Social Activity → Employment conditions
Social Activity → Income
Social Activity → Self employed
Related UN Sustainable Development Goals:
Problem Type:
D: Detailed problems Date of last update
04.10.2020 – 22:48 CEST