In most parts of eastern and southern Africa, cattle-keeping has little relation to the traditional subsistence economy, except as a means of simultaneously producing wealth and 'banking' it. The animals are rarely slaughtered for commercial sale or domestic consumption; they are used chiefly for ceremonial feasts and religious celebrations associated with death rites or ancestor worship; for validating marriages and cementing kinship bonds; for paying fines; settling conflicts; or financing undertakings requiring hired labour. Ownership of cattle determines a man's position in the community; his social standing, influence and potential economic power are measured by the size of his herd.